Tariffs Raise Government Revenue, but Who Actually Pays the Economic Cost?

Tariffs remain a major part of U.S. economic policy in 2026, generating government revenue while changing the prices and incentives facing importers, businesses and households. The central question is deceptively simple: who ultimately pays? The answer depends on what “pay” means. The business importing a tariffed product is generally responsible for the duty at the border. The wider economic cost, however, can move through supply chains and eventually be divided among importers, foreign suppliers, U.S. businesses and consumers. Who Sends the Tariff Payment to the Government? A tariff is a tax charged on imported goods. U.S. Customs and Border Protection …

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